Investing term

What is Maturity?

The date a bond's face value is repaid and the loan ends. Can be months, years, or decades away.

Maturity is the date a bond's loan ends — when the issuer repays the face value and makes the final interest payment. It can be months away for a Treasury bill or decades away for a long government bond, and it's fixed when the bond is issued.

Maturity shapes a bond's risk. Longer maturities generally mean more sensitivity to interest-rate changes and more uncertainty about the distant future, so they usually pay higher yields to compensate. Maturity also offers a kind of certainty: hold a sound bond all the way to maturity and short-term price swings become irrelevant — whatever the price does in between, you receive the face value back on the maturity date.

The date the loan ends
Treasury billsteadiest, lowest yield1 yrMedium bond10 yrsLong bondmost rate-sensitive30 yrsThe date the loan ends and face value is repaid — longer maturities pay more but swing more.

Maturity is when a bond repays its face value — anywhere from a 1-year bill to a 30-year bond. Longer maturities usually pay more yield but swing more in price along the way.

For example

A 10-year bond matures a decade after issue; on that date you receive your $1,000 face value back, ending the loan regardless of price wobbles in between.

Learn it by doing

That's Maturity in theory — it clicks when you use it. Practise it hands-on in a free, interactive lesson (Stage 4, Stocks, Bonds, Cash & Alternatives).

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Why it matters to you

Maturity matters because it lets you match a bond to when you'll need the money and to your view on interest rates. A short maturity is steadier and returns your cash soon; a long maturity locks in a rate for longer but swings more in price. It's also the reason holding to maturity tames volatility — the fixed payback date means paper losses along the way simply don't matter if you wait it out.

Buying long maturities for money you'll need soon

A long-dated bond pays more, but its price can swing sharply if rates move, and selling early — before maturity — can mean a real loss. If you'll need the money in a couple of years, a bond maturing well after that exposes you to price risk you can't wait out. Match the maturity to your time horizon.

Frequently asked questions

What is a bond's maturity?

Maturity is the date on which a bond's issuer repays the face value and the loan ends. It's fixed when the bond is issued and can range from a few months to several decades. On the maturity date, the holder receives the face value back, barring default.

How does maturity affect a bond's risk?

Longer maturities generally carry more interest-rate risk — their prices swing more when rates change — and more uncertainty about the distant future, so they usually offer higher yields. Shorter maturities are steadier and return your money sooner, with less price sensitivity to rate moves.

What happens if I hold a bond to maturity?

You receive the bond's full face value plus the final coupon, regardless of how its market price moved in between. Holding to maturity removes the effect of interim price swings — as long as the issuer doesn't default, the payback amount and date are fixed and known in advance.

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Related terms

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