Trading term

What is Pivot point?

A pivot point is a calculated price level, based on the previous period's high, low and close, that traders use to gauge intraday direction. Around it sit support and resistance levels (S1, R1, and so on). Price above the pivot is read as bullish for the day; below it, bearish.

The pivot point (P) is a simple average of the prior day's high, low and close. From it, a formula projects several support levels (S1, S2, S3) below and resistance levels (R1, R2, R3) above. Together they map a grid of likely intraday turning points for the coming session — levels where price may stall, bounce, or break. Because the calculation is fixed and objective, every trader using the method sees the exact same levels, which helps them work.

Pivot points are a favourite of day traders. The central pivot acts as the day's dividing line — trading above it leans bullish, below it bearish — while R1/S1 are the first places to expect a reaction. A break through R1 or S1 suggests a trending day; repeated rejections there suggest a range. Like all such levels they're guides, not guarantees, and work best combined with price action and volume.

Pivot point with support & resistance
R2R1PS1S2pivot = (H + L + C) ÷ 3

A central pivot (P) with resistance (R1, R2) above and support (S1, S2) below, all calculated from the prior day's high, low and close. Price reacts around them.

For example

Using yesterday's high, low and close, a stock's pivot computes to $50, with R1 at $52 and S1 at $48. It opens at $50.50 (above the pivot — mildly bullish), rallies to $52, stalls at R1, and pulls back.

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Why it matters to you

Pivot points give day traders a ready-made, objective map of the session's likely support and resistance before the market even opens — no drawing required. Because the levels are calculated the same way by everyone watching, they become self-reinforcing intraday reference points for entries, targets and stops.

They're guides, not guarantees

Treating pivot levels as precise walls where price must reverse is the trap. They're probabilities — price often overshoots, wicks through, or ignores them entirely, especially on high-news days. Use them as reference zones to watch alongside price action, not as mechanical buy-and-sell lines.

Frequently asked questions

How is a pivot point calculated?

The standard pivot (P) is the average of the previous period's high, low and close: (High + Low + Close) ÷ 3. Support and resistance levels (S1, R1, etc.) are then derived from P and the prior range using set formulas, giving a grid of levels for the next session.

How do traders use pivot points?

Mainly intraday. The central pivot is the day's bullish/bearish dividing line — above it leans bullish, below bearish. R1/S1 are the first expected reaction points; a break through them hints at a trending day, while rejections suggest a range. They serve as reference levels for entries, targets and stops.

What are R1, R2, S1, S2?

They're the resistance (R) and support (S) levels projected above and below the central pivot. R1 and S1 are the nearest and most-watched; R2/S2 (and R3/S3) are progressively further out, marking where a strong trending move might extend. They're derived from the pivot and the prior period's range.

Are pivot points reliable?

They're useful reference levels precisely because so many traders watch the same calculated values, making them somewhat self-fulfilling. But they're guides, not guarantees — price frequently overshoots or ignores them, especially around news. They work best combined with price action and volume.

Related terms

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