Investing term

What is Acquisition?

One company buys another. The bought company's shares are converted to cash, acquirer stock, or a mix at the closing price.

An acquisition is when one company buys another, with the target's shareholders cashed out or converted into the buyer's stock at the agreed price. The acquirer takes control, and the target usually ceases to trade as an independent company once the deal closes.

Acquirers almost always pay a premium over the target's pre-announcement price to win shareholder approval, which is why a target's stock often jumps the day a deal is announced — sometimes 20–40% in an instant. The buyer's stock, meanwhile, can dip if investors think it's overpaying. For a shareholder in the target, an acquisition is a corporate action that resolves your position at the deal price once it completes.

The premium the day it's announced
$40$45$50beforebid announceddeal closes$52premium over pre-bid priceAcquirers pay a premium to win approval — so the target jumps toward the offer the day it's announced.

Acquirers pay above the market price to win approval, so a target's stock jumps toward the offer the moment a deal is announced — and holds there until it closes.

For example

A company trading at $40 is acquired for $52 a share; the stock jumps toward $52 the morning the deal is announced, and closes there when it completes.

Learn it by doing

That's Acquisition in theory — it clicks when you use it. Practise it hands-on in a free, interactive lesson (Stage 8, Corporate Actions: What Lands in Your Account).

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Why it matters to you

Acquisitions matter to shareholders because they can hand you a sudden premium — or, if you hold the acquirer, dilute or burden it with the cost of overpaying. For the target, the deal price effectively caps the upside and sets when your investment ends. Understanding that the announced jump reflects the deal, not the business suddenly being worth more, helps you decide whether to sell into the pop or wait for the deal to close.

Assuming an announced deal is certain

A target's stock jumps on an acquisition announcement, but the deal can still collapse — blocked by regulators, rejected by shareholders, or scuppered by financing. The stock trades below the offer price precisely because of that risk (the deal spread). Buying near the offer price expecting a guaranteed pop ignores the chance the deal falls through and the price snaps back.

Frequently asked questions

What happens to my shares in an acquisition?

When an acquisition closes, your shares in the target are typically converted to cash, the acquirer's stock, or a mix, at the agreed deal price. The target usually stops trading as an independent company. You receive the deal consideration automatically once the acquisition completes.

Why does a stock jump when it's acquired?

Because acquirers pay a premium over the pre-announcement price to persuade shareholders to approve the deal. The target's stock rises toward that offer price the moment the deal is announced. It usually trades a little below the offer, reflecting the risk the deal might not complete.

What's the difference between an acquisition and a merger?

In an acquisition, one company clearly buys another, which is absorbed into the buyer. A merger is framed as two companies combining into a single new entity, often as equals. In practice the line blurs, but 'acquisition' implies a buyer and a target rather than a marriage of equals.

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Related terms

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