Investing term

What is Net margin?

Net income as a percentage of revenue — final profit per dollar of sales.

Net margin is net income as a percentage of revenue — how many cents of final profit a company keeps from each dollar of sales. A company with $100M revenue and $10M net income has a 10% net margin, meaning 10 cents of every sales dollar survives all the way to the bottom line.

It captures the full efficiency of the business after every cost — production, operating expenses, interest, and tax. Comparing net margins within an industry shows who runs the tightest ship, converting the most of each sale into actual profit. But margins vary enormously across industries — a software company and a grocer live in different worlds — so net margin, like all margins, is meaningful within a sector and over time, not across unrelated businesses.

Final profit per sales dollar
Gross marginafter production cost40%Operating marginafter operating costs18%Net marginafter interest & tax10%Each margin is a lower rung: what survives production, then operations, then interest and tax.

Net margin is net income as a share of revenue — the cents of final profit kept from each dollar of sales, after every cost. It sums up the whole business's efficiency; compare within an industry.

For example

A company keeping $10M of net income from $100M of revenue has a 10% net margin, while a lean rival at 15% keeps half as much again from every sales dollar.

Learn it by doing

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Why it matters to you

Net margin matters because it summarises a company's overall profitability in a single, comparable figure — the share of each sales dollar that becomes real profit after everything. It's a quick way to compare how efficiently rivals in the same industry turn revenue into earnings, and to track whether a company's profitability is improving or eroding over time. Because it sits at the bottom of the income statement, it reflects the combined effect of pricing power, cost control, financing, and tax.

Comparing net margins across industries

Net margins differ hugely by industry — software firms may keep 25%+ while grocers scrape a few percent, both normal for their sectors. Comparing a company's net margin to one in an unrelated industry is meaningless. Net margin is useful within a sector and over time for the same company, not as a cross-industry measure of quality.

Frequently asked questions

What is net margin?

Net margin is net income as a percentage of revenue — how many cents of final profit a company keeps from each dollar of sales, after all costs including production, operating expenses, interest, and tax. It captures the overall profitability of the business in a single figure.

What's a good net margin?

It depends entirely on the industry — software companies may exceed 25% while grocers operate on a few percent, both normal. There's no universal figure. What matters is how a company's net margin compares with industry peers and how it trends over time for that same business.

What's the difference between net margin and gross margin?

Gross margin is gross profit (revenue minus direct production costs) as a percentage of revenue — the profitability of the core product. Net margin is net income (after all costs, including operating expenses, interest, and tax) as a percentage of revenue — the profitability of the whole business.

Related terms

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