Trading term

What is Level 2 (market depth)?

Level 2 shows the order book beyond the best bid and offer — the resting buy and sell orders stacked at each price, with their sizes. It shows intent that has not yet been executed.

A basic Level 1 quote gives you the best bid, the best offer and the last trade. Level 2 opens the book: several price levels either side, each with the total quantity resting there, often broken down by the market participant or venue posting it. The display is usually a ladder, bids descending on one side, offers ascending on the other.

What it adds is a view of unexecuted intent. A large block sitting on the bid a few cents below the market is liquidity someone has committed to providing, and traders watch whether it holds, gets filled, or disappears. Thin books move easily; deep ones absorb size without much movement.

The critical caveat is that resting orders are promises, not commitments. They can be cancelled in microseconds, and in modern markets frequently are — sometimes deliberately, to create an impression of demand that evaporates when approached. Level 2 shows what is displayed, which is not the same as what is real.

The queue behind the quote
THE ORDER BOOK — resting, not yet executed50.0514050.0426050.0318050.02200ASKS — sellers waiting← the spread50.0122050.0016049.9924049.984,000BIDS — buyers waitinga “wall” — 15× the restThese are intentions, not commitments. Trust the tape of executed trades over the book of promises.

Offers of 140–260 shares above the market, against a 4,000-share bid sitting at $49.98. That wall is an intention — it can be cancelled in microseconds.

For example

The book shows 200 shares offered at $50.02 and 180 at $50.03, but 4,000 bid at $49.98 — a wall far larger than anything above. Price drifts down toward it. If those bids fill, that's genuine demand; if they vanish as price approaches, the wall was never real.

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Why it matters to you

For anyone trading size, depth determines cost. A book with 200 shares at each level means a 5,000-share order moves the price against you materially, while a deep book absorbs it. Level 2 is how you see that before you send the order rather than discovering it in your fill price.

Displayed size is not committed size

Resting orders can be pulled instantly, and large 'walls' often disappear the moment price approaches — sometimes because the poster never intended to trade there. Much genuine size is also hidden in iceberg and dark orders that never show. Treat Level 2 as one noisy input, and trust the tape of executed trades over the book of intentions.

Frequently asked questions

What is Level 2 in trading?

It's a view of the order book showing resting buy and sell orders at multiple price levels beyond the best bid and offer, along with the size available at each. It's also called market depth or the depth of market.

What's the difference between Level 1 and Level 2?

Level 1 shows only the best bid, best offer and last trade. Level 2 shows the queue behind those — several price levels either side with the quantity resting at each, so you can see how much liquidity exists near the market.

Can Level 2 data be misleading?

Yes. Displayed orders can be cancelled instantly, and large walls sometimes exist to create an impression rather than to trade. Genuine size is often hidden in iceberg orders. What's shown is not reliably what's real.

Who actually needs Level 2 data?

Mainly short-term traders and anyone trading enough size that market impact matters. For a long-term investor placing occasional orders in a liquid instrument, it adds cost and distraction without changing any decision.

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